The screen professionals actually use
Ask anyone who reviews monitors for a living which single colour tells them most about a panel and the answer is mid grey, not white and not black. The eye compares mid tones far more accurately than it compares extremes: white saturates your vision and hides subtle differences, black gives it nothing to work with, and 50 percent grey sits exactly where human contrast discrimination is best.
That is why uniformity measurements, dirty screen effect tests and tint checks are all done on grey. A panel that looks flawless on white can look visibly blotchy on grey, and the blotchy version is the one you will notice while reading a document.
What to look for
- Patches that read warmer or cooler than the rest of the field. That is tinting, and it is the most common uniformity fault on large panels.
- A dirty, mottled texture across the whole screen, most visible when you move your eyes across it. That is dirty screen effect, and it is what makes panning shots in sport look smeary on a television.
- A gradual falloff in brightness from the centre towards the corners. Some is normal on every panel. A lot is a backlight problem.
- Vertical or horizontal banding, which usually shows at grey and nowhere else.
Grey as a work surface
Photographers and retouchers work against mid grey rather than white or black for the same reason galleries paint their walls grey: a neutral mid tone does not bias your perception of the colours you are judging. If you are editing images and your application lets you choose a canvas background, a value near this one is the correct choice, and a second monitor showing this page makes a serviceable neutral surround.
Checking that grey is really neutral
A correctly calibrated display shows #808080 as a colourless grey with no visible tint at all. If it looks warm, cool, green or pink to you, and it looks that way across the whole panel rather than in patches, your white balance is off rather than your panel being faulty. Most monitors have a colour temperature setting with a 6500K option, which is the right starting point.